*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

:root {
  --bg:        #f7f4ee;
  --paper:     #fbfaf6;
  --border:    rgba(28,26,20,0.13);
  --rule:      rgba(28,26,20,0.08);
  --text:      #1c1a14;
  --muted:     #6b6256;
  --soft:      #4a4438;
  --yellow:    #ffd139;
  --theme:     rgba(255,209,57,0.5);
  --theme-soft:rgba(255,209,57,0.14);
  --green:     #16a34a;
  --red:       #dc2626;
  --amber:     #d97706;
  --blue:      #2563eb;
  /* Intentional: system sans (SF Pro / Segoe UI) for headlines, Spectral serif for body —
     newspaper typographic register, not a default. See DESIGN.md. */
  --font-display: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "SF Pro Display", "SF Pro", "Segoe UI", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --font-body:    'Spectral', Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-mono:    'JetBrains Mono', ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace;
  --brushstroke:  url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 240 6' preserveAspectRatio='none'><defs><filter id='b'><feTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.5' numOctaves='2' seed='3' result='n'/><feDisplacementMap in='SourceGraphic' in2='n' scale='1.2'/></filter><linearGradient id='g' x1='0' x2='1'><stop offset='0' stop-color='%231c1a14' stop-opacity='0.05'/><stop offset='0.2' stop-color='%231c1a14' stop-opacity='0.32'/><stop offset='0.8' stop-color='%231c1a14' stop-opacity='0.28'/><stop offset='1' stop-color='%231c1a14' stop-opacity='0.05'/></linearGradient></defs><rect x='0' y='2' width='240' height='2' fill='url(%23g)' filter='url(%23b)'/></svg>");
}

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 24px; color-scheme: light; }
body {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.essay { max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }

h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--font-display); text-wrap: balance; color: var(--text); }
h1 { font-size: 2.6rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 1.05; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.018em; line-height: 1.15; margin: 2.4rem 0 0.6rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.005em; margin: 1.6rem 0 0.4rem; }
h2 + .dek { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 1.2rem; }

p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
strong { font-weight: 600; color: var(--text); }
em { font-style: italic; }
a { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: rgba(37,99,235,0.35); text-underline-offset: 2px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-color: var(--blue); }
a:visited { color: var(--soft); }
code {
  font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.84em;
  background: rgba(28,26,20,0.06); padding: 0.08em 0.4em;
  border-radius: 3px; color: var(--text);
}
hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin: 2.4rem auto; max-width: 80px; }
hr.full { max-width: 100%; }

*:focus { outline: none; }
*:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--theme); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 2px; }

.masthead {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 14px 0;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.masthead .essay { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.masthead a { color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none; padding: 13px 4px; }
.masthead a:hover { color: var(--text); }
.masthead-brand { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.005em; color: var(--text); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; }
.seal { display: block; flex-shrink: 0; }
.masthead-brand .seal { width: 24px; height: 24px; }
.footer-brand .seal { width: 26px; height: 26px; }
.footer-brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; }

.brushstroke-rule {
  display: block; width: 240px; height: 6px;
  margin: 2.4rem auto;
  background-image: var(--brushstroke);
  background-size: 100% 100%;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.essay-header { padding: 56px 0 16px; }
.kicker {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.standfirst {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--soft);
  margin: 0.6rem 0 1.2rem;
  max-width: 600px;
}
.byline {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.byline a { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; }
.byline a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

.lede { font-size: 1.06em; margin-top: 1.4rem; }
.drop-cap {
  float: left;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 3.6rem;
  line-height: 0.9;
  padding: 6px 10px 0 0;
  margin-top: 4px;
  color: var(--text);
  background:
    linear-gradient(transparent 60%, var(--theme) 60%, var(--theme) 92%, transparent 92%);
  background-size: 100% 100%;
  background-clip: padding-box;
}

figure { margin: 1.6rem 0; padding: 0; }
figure.full { margin-left: calc(-1 * (100vw - 100%) / 2); margin-right: calc(-1 * (100vw - 100%) / 2); }
figcaption {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 10px;
  text-align: left;
}
figure svg { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; border: 1px solid var(--rule); }

.tradeoffs {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  margin: 1.2rem 0 1.6rem;
}
.tradeoffs h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.tradeoffs h4.plus { color: var(--green); border-bottom-color: rgba(22,163,74,0.3); }
.tradeoffs h4.minus { color: var(--red); border-bottom-color: rgba(220,38,38,0.3); }
.tradeoffs ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.tradeoffs li {
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--soft);
  padding: 5px 0 5px 18px;
  position: relative;
}
.tradeoffs li::before {
  content: "–";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 5px;
  color: currentColor;
  opacity: 0.55;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.ways {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 1.4rem;
  counter-reset: way;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.ways li {
  counter-increment: way;
  padding: 12px 0 12px 36px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  color: var(--soft);
  position: relative;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.ways li::before {
  content: counter(way, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--yellow);
  -webkit-text-stroke: 0.5px rgba(28,26,20,0.4);
}

.scorecard {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 1.2rem 0 1.4rem;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}
.scorecard th {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 10px 4px;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--text);
}
.scorecard th.num { text-align: right; }
.scorecard td {
  padding: 9px 4px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  vertical-align: top;
}
.scorecard tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 2px solid var(--text); }
.scorecard td.num { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.86rem; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; text-align: right; }
.scorecard td.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.scorecard tr.lead td { background: var(--theme-soft); }

.scorecard-note {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin: 0 0 1.4rem;
}

.architecture {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 1.2rem 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-top: 1.6rem;
}
.architecture strong { font-style: normal; color: var(--text); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.02em; text-transform: uppercase; display: inline-block; margin-right: 6px; }

footer {
  margin-top: 4rem;
  padding: 32px 0 56px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}
footer .essay { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
footer a { color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none; padding: 16px 4px; }
footer a:hover { color: var(--text); text-decoration: underline; }
.footer-brand { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.005em; color: var(--text); }

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  body { font-size: 17.5px; }
  h1 { font-size: 2.05rem; }
  h2 { font-size: 1.35rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
  .essay { padding: 0 20px; }
  .essay-header { padding-top: 36px; }
  .standfirst { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .drop-cap { font-size: 3rem; padding-right: 8px; }
  .tradeoffs { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; }
}